Electrical system of distribution.



No. 869,243. PATENTED OCT. 29. 1907. A, S. HUBBARD & W. A. TURBAYNE. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

APILIOATIOH FILED MAR. 31, 1906.

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umynmmml mum k 1 llIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllill+- No. 869,243 Q PATENTED OCT. 29. 1907. A. s. HUBBARD & W. A. TURBAYNE.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION. APPLICATION mam n11. 31, 190s.

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d/AMAML (lb/ Z4; I w vhwooco MOQ/M/IZOLJ UITED ALBERT S HUBBARD, OF

LAN CA STE R N E W it [Q PORATION OF NEW YORK.

GRElShWIGII, CONNIICTIUUT. ANT if Hill AESIGNORS TO GOULD S'lOltA-Iiii- Ball" YNE, OF EDMPANY, 5L COR- :JLECTRICAL SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 29, 1907.

Application filed March 31. 1905. Serial No. 253,197.

To all whom :it may concern:

Be it-known that we, Amna'r S. HUBBARD, a citizen of the United States, and a resident otGrecnwich', in the county 01' Fairiicld and State of (lonnccticut, and

5 \VILLIAM AdTU nsA rxr, a citizen of the United States,

and a resident of Lancaster, in the county of Erie,

State of New York, havc'inventcd certain new and useful lmprovements int-he Art of Electrical System of Distribution, of which the following is a specifical0 tion.

Our invention relates to electrical systems of distribution employing a branch circuit containing storage batteries to steady the load on the main generators,

and automatic means for regulating the battery current to make the generator load constant within close limits.

it is one object or our inventionto provides system in which the battery may act to steady'the load on an alternating current generator and be efficiently and accurately regulated from the alternating current circuit, whether the working circuit is on the alternating current side of the system or on the direct current side or whether there are work circuits on both sides of the system. I l

' Another object of our invention is-to so arrange the system that the direct current system may be fed from in the system, that closer regulation may be obtained and yet'a smaller regulating dynamo beemployed.

Referring to the drawings, Figures 1 and 3 illustrate diagrammatically systems embodying our invention;

40 Figs. 2 and 4 are diagrams illustrating modifications of the arrangement of the special dynamo and its circuit.

A is an alternating current generator having the circuit conductors l, 2, 3. These conductors feed an al temating current circuit 7, 8, 9 andalso conductors 4, 5, 6, connected to the primary of a transformer K, the sccondary of which is connected by conductors 10, l1 and 12 to the rectifying device 13, here indicated as a rotary converter having ashunt field winding B; The

rectifying device feeds .the direct current circuit 13, 14 across which is the battcry E and booster F. The particular form oi rectifying device is not important, though if it is drsircd' that the battery should at times take part of the load on circuit 7, 8, 9, as we prefer that 5 5 it should do, the rcctifying device should be reversible.

and receiving its power from the sccondaryoi' tronsiormer K. n

F is the field of the booster which i rcgulzucd by the resultant of two opposing potential differences, one of these opposing potential differences being that of a special dynamo G which is frequently known in the art as a counter electro motive force machine. This machine is in series with the booster field F. The vol.- tago on the latter and therefore the current therein and the voltage of the booster is dependent on the relation of the E. M. F. of G and the opposing potential' differences across the terminals of the circuit G and F. l

G is a field coil for the counter machine. a The cuirentin the coil G is made to vary in accord ance with the condition of the alternating current circuit and preferably in direct accordance with the variations of current in the circuit 1, 2, 3. This we ac- 7:5 complish byproviding a series transformer L, the primary of which is included in the circuit 1, 2, 3, while the secondary is connected by conductors 16,'through the alternating current end of the rectifying device 1),, which, of course, is a comparatively small machine. The direct current end of this rectifying device is connec ted by conductors 17 to the terminals of the field winding G so that the rectifying device or rotary converter D isan exciter for the counter machine G. To positively maintain synchronism this rectifying device D is mechanically connected to a synchronous motor 0. C and D" are the field coils respectively of the synchronous motor C and the rotary converter D. These field coils are excited through any suitable direct current source, the diagrams illustrating then" .as connectedin shunt across the battery terminals.

It will be seen that any fluctuation of current on the alternating current generator, whether due to fluctuations of load on the alternating current work circuit 7, S,

9, or to fluctuating load on the direct current side of the 9 5 system, or to changes of battery condition, will correspondingly affect the current in the c' cuit n; andin the circuit 17 thus varying the coun" accordance with the Chang s of load on 1;. current generator. The v2.1- chine field will cause the E, M. 3-. o. ct chine to vary accordingly and preferably (l machine should be designed so that these TL. E. M. F. are from a point bclow that all ting upon the circuit including F and G to a point above that acting on said circuit, thus making the booster F reversible and varying its voltage in accordance with the load on the alternating current generator. Thus the voltage of 4 then that'thebooster Fsh'ould act to raise thevolt'agc oi the booster is primarily effected by changes .of load on gen orator A acting through the rectifying device on the lield G of the counter machine. This regulation of the counter machine irom the alternating current circuit,

causing the booster licld to vary in accordance with'the current in the alternating current generator; produces a battery current that will niaintaina substantial conat a given a\-'er:ige-cnrrent from generator A the booster.

If has no voltage and the battery neither charges nor dis charges. A 1 increase of current from the generator A will cause the change of voltage, already described, upon the counter machine G and therebyproduce an electro-rnotive force in the booster armature F that will add itself to the electro-motive-iorce of the battery and so cause a discharge .of the battery. This discharge will hand, if the additional demand is caused by change of" condition of a work circuit'connected to'the direct current side of the system, then the additional battery cur rent will pass to that work circuit. In either case-the battery takes .n early all of the increased demand lcaving the current of the main generator but-slightly changed. 'In the same way, a decreaseof current fromthe' generator A from the average to which the'system is adjusted, by reducing the electro-mo tive force of the" counter machine- G causes an electro-motive-force of the booster in a direction to oppose a discharge of the batf tery. Under these circumstances current fromthe g'e nr erator will passthrough the rotary converter B to charge thebattery. 7 According to our present invention we accentuate this primary regulation in such a way as to enable closer "regulation to be obtained by the use of a smaller counter I machine. This purpose we effectby making use of thechange of battery voltage resulting from a change'of cur rent in the battery to reinforce the regulating effect of voltage is-the voltage that opposes the M. .F. of ge'nen' 1' atom G. i Let us assume that the changeoEload-otone or i the other of the working circuits has caused .a tendency otthe generator A to increase in eurrent'. It is desired the battery branch. The first effect. of the increase of current on the generator-A is to cause an increase of our- 'rent' on the circuit Iii/and therefore on the'circnit 17 and; in the coil Gl This varies thevoltage 011 the coun' {t er machine such. a. direction as to act on the r booster F so' as-toincrease the effective voltage of thef battery branch; This. means that the currentin bat I ter n'ir it' isjdi's'chargingfhas been increased, 'or if it?- v has been charging has been decreased and 'thi s'at once causes a change in the E. M. of the batteries them-f; selves. -As'a result the M. 'F.-opposing the E; M; F. ofthe counter machineG'has beenmade to change-by the operation'o'i the counter machine" in adirectionop posite to that in whichjthe MIRloi the counterinachine changed, therefore, the change in the coil F has been greater than the'change in the countermachine alone but thechange in the counter machine has been the pr imary'cause ofthe greater change. This-use of the battery circuit-to cause a secondary regulating ei-' iect. may, of course, be employed whether or not there is an alternating current supplied. It has bcen'proposed in some booster systems to employ the battery as a source of regulationbut if the battery be used as a pril mary source of regulation it can only be used if there isa 7-5 tendency for the main generator to supply a voltage at i the terminals of the battery circuit that falls as the load on the generator. increases, and, moreover, even if so used the regulation is one that is defective in a number of respectswhich we need not go into here, but with our arrangement the characteristic of the circuits may be anything desired and the primary impulse isalways given by the coil G and the effect of this primary impulse is augmented by the resultant change of battery condition. p x Fig. 2 represents a slightlydifierent way of utilizing the resultant changeoff battery condition 't o'augment the effect of the change of current-in coil Gf. In this case we'hav'e shown a second coil Gr on the counter machine which coilis so wound'that its current in this coil has opposing sheet on the counter machine G to that of t-he c.urrent the coil-G. Preierablythe coil G has considerablymore.effec't upon the counter machine G than does th'e'coil' G the arrangement su'ch that the results are'very 'sirhilartothose of the arrangement of Any-change 'inthe current of coil G will I cause'a 'cliange oithe M. 'F. acting upon the field F. and thereforeja'changeinthe booster F and achange in the current .in thie'battery 'E. This change of cur-' rentinthdbattery'Eiwillachange its: E. M. F: in a direction to augment the-regulating new primarily induced:bythechangeinthecoil Gi Fi g'. iindic'ates' this ine'thodlcarried little furtherl In this case the coil-G containihg,thecountermachine:Gand the coil F are connected acrossf th' 'liattery terniiiials"asin Fig. ]'so' thatthe; ulationafforiledbyftheqcofl; causes. a secondary .regjul ationi in the. sa n e direction "due tochange in-the' oppo ing E; of the-circuit containing-thecounterma hinelwhieh is; increased. by the. ffe ct oflthe-seco indin'g G" It;..will"he.. se'e'ntli by thhs -auginen rig thefr'egnlatirig. effect of chan es in'fth e coil Gtftlrerangoxofeffectiveivoltagerrnuch increased'and' so.' thisrhachine"as well as the recs tifier D-andjthe.gtransfonner. L andetlieenergy taken lay-this machine. fronrthe generator A .can he much decreased in 'si-zeto' obtain the same or 'closer regn'la- "t-ionthan any system'sof thisl'general character heretofore.proposed?; v v

Thesecond'ary regulating effect produced the drop of voltagioi "the battery, asiabove described, is' always in the same'direction and tends to magniiy the primary effect caused by the regulating effects 12 5 home l'ess chargedpthe' lower electro-motiye-force (is;

provided asnrFig. 2 and for the same. purpose,- b'n naddi'tiontheretojtheicircuit 105' veloped by it the primary regulation so that the'current of the main generator will not be substantially affected by the state of charge of the battery.

'InFig. 3'we have shownth system of- 1 mod-ifi'ed by the introduction of a second transmission ClI-' cuit 18, 19, 20, which is brought through a suitable I transformer K to the alternating current'end of a sec as before, the transformer L being connected at'a point where it will receive the current going from the generator whether that current is feeding the direct current system through one rectifying device or through the other. The'result is' that the conductors 13, 14 may be of great length and may be connected toi'eed working circuits at any point or points throughout their. length so that the working circuits may be fed by either or both'of the rectifying devices while despite any fluctuations insuch working circuits :the booster- F will be regulated'in accordance with the load on the alternating-current generator K. n f:

It will be seen from theforegoing' description that while we have shown certain specific embodimentsof o r invention in order" =f l d f u w u] y escnbe the sa e and a coil for regulating the'electro-motive';force impressed and illustrate some of its advantages yet our inventionis broader than such specificernbodisnents and we do not limitourselves tothe mere details thereof nor to the employment in a single system of all the features of our invention. w I v f 'Having thus-described our invention what we claim as new and "desire'to secure by Letters Patent is:' 1

1. The combination ofari alternating current generator, a circuit leading therefrom, means for transmitting elec tric'energy from the alternating current circuit as direct current supplying a direct current circuit, a storage battery connected to said circuit, a rectifyingdevice connected to the alternating-circuit, meansfor causing the output' from said rectifying device to vary in accordance with-the electrical condition in thea lternating' circuit and'means for causing the rectified current to vary the electro-1:notivg. force impressed upon the direct current'end of said trans mitting means and thcreby'vai'y the-battery action:

2. 'lhe comblnation of an alternating current generator and a circuit therefrom, means for transmitting,electrical energy from said circuit to a'direct current-cilciit, a.stor

age battery in the latter circuit, a rectifying device responsive to'variations of electrical condition in thealternating current circuit, and a coil receiving the output of said rectifying device and varying the electro-motive-force impressed upon the direct currentend of said transmitting means to thereby vary the battery action.

Ii. The combination of an alternating current generator and a circuit therefrom, menus for transmitting electrical energy from said circuit to a direct current, circuit, a storage battery in the latter circuit, a rectifying devicerespoir'. sive to variations of electrical condition in the alternating current circuit, and a coil receiving the output of swim tifying device and varying the el'ectromotive-f.orce inipressed upon the direct current end of said transmitting means to thereby vary the battery action. 4. The combination of an alternating current generator and a generator circuit lending therefrom, a workcircuit connected to the generator circuit, means for transmitting electric energy from the generator clrcuit into direct cut rent, I direct.currentclrcult supplied thereby, a battery,

connected in a branch across the latter circuit, a rectifying device connected to he said generator circuit between the' generator and the work circuit connections, and means for causing the rectified current .to regulate the. electrom0tive-' force impressed upon the d irect current end of said trunsmitting mea'nstoyary the battery action.

5. The I combination or an alternating currentj generator and a generator circuit leading therefrom, a workvcircuit connected to the generator circuit, means for transmitting electrldeneigiirom the generator circuit into direct cur- 'rent, "a, direct current circuit supplied thereby, "a battery connected in'a branch across the latter circuit, arectlfying device connected to the said generator circuit between the generator and the work circuit connections, and acoil for regulating the electro-motive-force impressed upon the di rect current end ofsaid transmitting means connected with the'di rect current'end 'of" said rectifying device. 0. The combination of an alternating. current generator and ri -generator; circuit leading therefrom, a work circuit connected to the generator circuit, means for translating electric energy from the generator circuit into direct current, a directcurr'ent circuit supplied thereby, a battery electric energy from the generator circuit into direct current, a direct current circuit supplied thereby, a battery connected in a branch cross the latter circuit, a transformer in'the alternating currentcircuit located between the generator and the-work clrcuit'con'nections, a rectifyconnected in a branch across the latter circuit, a rectifying V lng device. connected to the secondary or said transformer,

upon the direct current en d of saKI-jtransmitting means affected by varlatiomdnihe direct cu'rrc'nto'utput of said 'rectifyingfdeviocl.

8, The combination of an alternating current generator and a'-generator"circi it leading therefrom, 'a work circuit connectedto the generator circuit, means for transmitting electric energy from the generator circuit into direct cur rent, a direct current circuit supplied thereby, a battery connected in a branch across the latter circuit, a rectifying devlceconnec'ted'to'the said generator circuit between the generator and the work circuit connections, means for maintaining said rectifying device in syncbronism, and a coil for regulating the battery currentafliected by the variations in the direct current output ofsaid rectifying device.

i). The combination of an alternating current generator,-

two rectifying devices fed thereby, a direct current circuit connected to both ofsaid rectifying devices, a battery in a branch connected across said direct current circuit and between said rectifying devices, and means for regulating the battery current by -the electric condition of the alternating current circuit.

10. The combination of nnaiternutlng current generator, two rectifying devices fed thereby,'adirect current circuit between said rectifying devices, a rectifying device receiving current from 'the alternating current circuit, and a coil for regulating the battery current nifectedby variaconnected to both of said rectifying devices, av battery in s brunch connected across said direct current circuit and tions in the direct current output of said rectifying device.

11. The combinatipn'of an alternating current generator, two rectifying devices fed'thereby, adirect current circuit connected to botlnof sald'rectii'ying devices, a battery in a ,brunch connected across said direct current circuit and between said rectifying devices, a rectifying device receiviii an alternating current varying in accordance with the :12. flhe combination of an alternating current generator 1.. and a generatorcircuit leading therefrom, :1- work circuit connected to the generator circuit, means for transmitting storage battery and a-booster in a branch across the direct device.

current circhitfa rectifying device receiving cui'rent'ti'om the alternating current circuit that varies in accordance with the. variationsv in foadwn the alternating current generator, and a coil for regulating the booster 'E. M. F. connected to the direct current end of said rectifying 14., The combination otnna'lternating current generator and a circuit therefrom, meansytor transmitting electric energy 'from said circuit'to [direct current circuit; a storage battery and a booste 'ln a branch across the'direct current circuit, a rectltying devlcereceiving-current from.

the alternating current circuit thatvaries in accordance= with thevariationsimtbe load-on the alternating current generator. and a coil for regulating the booster E. M. F3

receiving the direct. cu'rrent output, off said rectifying vice.

15. The cornbinationotan alternating current generator and a .cir'cuit therefrom, means for transmitting electric energy.,f1-om said circuit toirafdirect current circuit, a storage batteryiand abooster inn branch across the direct current circuit, a rectifying device receiving current from the alternating current circuit that varies in accordance with the variations in..load .on the alternating current generator, av field coil for said booster, a regulating dynamo in series with said field coil, a field coil for the regulating dynamo and means for controlling. said regulating dynamo in accordance with .the direct current gen erated by said rectifying device.

iii. The combination of an'alternating current generator nud'a circuit therefrom, means for transmitting electric eucrg" from said circuit to a direct current circuit, a

storage battery and a booster-in a branch across the direct current circuit, a rectifying device receiving. current from the alternating current circuit that varies in accordance with thevuriatlons in load on.the alternating currentgenerator, :1 held coil for' said booster, a regulating dynamoin series with said field coil, and afleid coil for theregulutingdynamo connected to-the rectifying device toreceivethe directcurrent output thereof.

[17. The-combination of an alternating-current generator and a circuit therefrom, means for transmitting lectr lc,- energy trom said circuit to a direct current oircuit, 'a

storage battery and a booster in a branch acrossthe direct current circuit, a rectifying device receiving the current. from the alternating current circuit that varies-in -accordance with the variations in-load on; the alternatlngzcurrent generator, a field coil for said booster', aregulatin'g dynamo in series wlthsaid field coil in a' circuit. connected tofthc' terminals Abi! the battery, a hold coilfor the regulating dynamo and means for co'n'trolling saldregulating dynamoin accordance withthe direct current, generated by; said rectifying device' Y 18. The combinationof an alternating current generat on and a circuit therefrom, means tor transmitting electric energy from said circuit to a direct current circuit-,fa

- storageliut'tery and a booster in a branchacross th'ed'irect current circuit, a rectifying device recelvingcurreut from I the alternating'current circuit that varies in accordance with. the variations in" load on the alternating current, generator, a ileld coil for said booster, a regulating dynamo in series with said fleid coil in a circuit counecte'zlto the terminals of the battery, and a field coil fortheregnlatlng dynamo connected to the rectifyingdevice .to receive the direct current output thereof. 7 19. The combination of an alternating current generator and a circuit therefrom, means for. transmitting electric energy from said circuit to a direct current"circuit, a storage battery and a booster in a branch'across the direct current circuit, a rectifying device ,receiving currenttro'm v the booster Jr. connected to 4 said rectifying device.

the alternating current circuit that varies in accordance with the variations in load on the alternating current generator, a field coil for said booster, a regulating dynamo tor'said i'leld coil, a field coil {or said regulating dynamo connected across the battery terminals, and a second field coil for said regulating dynamo connected to the rectifying device toreceive the direct current output thereof.

' 20. The combination of analternating current generator and a circuit therefrom, means for transmitting electric energy from said circuit to a direct current circuit, a storageihattery and a booster in a branch across the direct current circuit, a rectitying device receiving current from the alternating"currentcircuit that varies in accordance with the"varlations';in floa'don the alternating currentgenerator, a; flcldcoii tor said booster, a regulatlng dynamo in series with said field coil" in a circuit connected across the battery terminals, 1a field coll tor saidregulating dynamoconnected-across the battery terminals, and a secpndjiield coil for said regulating dynamo connected-to the rectifying device to receive the direct -current output thereof. I I v 1 1 2]..- The combination of a source of electricity, a circuit ted thereby,- a 'storageba'ttery and a booster. in series in n-branch connected across said circuit, a field coil for said booster determining the eiectro-motive-torce thereof, irregulating dynamo in series with said fieldcoil in a circuit whose E. M. F. is dependent upon that across the battery,

(and a field coil for said regulating dynamowhose current strength isdependent'upon the curr nt strength of the said source of electricity.

22, The combination of a source 01' electriclty,'a circuit fed thereby, a storage battery and a booster in series in a branch connected across said circuit, -a field coil for said booster, a regulating dynamo in series with said" field coil in a circuit subjected to variations of F. across the battery, a field coil for said regulating dynamo whose cur-. rent strength is dependent upon the current strength o1 the said source'of electricity,-and a second field coil for said. regulating'dynaxno connected across the battery terminals.

23. The combination or tin-alternating current generator and a' circuit therefrom, means tor transmitting electric .'energy from said circuit to'a direct current circuit, a storage battery in a branch across the dii'ect'cnrrent circuit, a rotary converter to supply-direct current for regulating-the battery current, connected tor'eceive an alternating currnt whose strength is dependent upon the strength of the current trom the alternating currentgenerato'r, and means for maintaining said rotary converter in synchronism with .the alternating current generator.

' 2 i. Thecdmblnatlon-oif an alternating'current generator and eue'rgyltrom said circuit to adirect-current circuit, a storv ag'ie..liattery' and abooster in abranch across the direct current circuit, a rectifying device receiving current from the alternating current circuit, and a coil for regulating the direct current end of "25. The comblnatiorrof an alternating current generator, a rectifying device, a battery connected thereto, a booster in, series, with the. battery, a coil for regulatingthe booster. E. M. F. connected to receive current from the direct current side of the system, means for applying opposalng potential diil'ercnces thereto, and means for regulating,"

one of sald'potential difierences in accordance'with changes .ot' current of the alternating current generator.

26. The combination of an alternating current generator, a rectifying device, a battery connected thereto, a booster in series with the battery, a coil for regulating the booster E; ALF. connected to receive current from the direct current side of the system, means for applying a potential diiterence thereto that varies with that of the battery, and 'lmeails for applying a variable and opposing potential difference thereto that is regulated in accordance with changes of current-otfhe alternating current generator.

- 27.. The combination ofanaltcrnating current generator,

a rectifier, a storage apparatus and booster, connected to the direct current end of the rectifier, means for regulating the booster electro-motive-force responsively to changes of electrical condition of the alternating current side of lrcuit therefrom, meahs'for transmitting electric. I

the system, and. means for driving the booster in syn- In testimony whereof, we have signed our names to this chronism with the alternating current generator. specification, in the presence of tvgo subscribing witnesses.

-28. The combination of an alternating current generator, ALBERT S. HUBBARD.

a rectifier, 9 storage apparatus and booster, connected to WILLIAM A. TURBAYNE. 5 the direct current end of the rectifier, a regulating dynamo Witnesses as to Hubbard:

controlling the booster e1ectro-motive-f0rce, means for reg- J. Hounn REED,

ulating said dynamo responsively to changes of electrical D. H. MCMXCHAEL.

condition of the alternating current side of the system, and Witnesses as to 'lurbayne:

an alternatingcurrent synchronous motor mechanically EDMUND M; MAW,

10 conncciied to the booster and the regulating dynamo. NORMAN M. GIUM'E. 

